1 Kings 10:5

Authorized King James Version

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And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her.

Original Language Analysis

וּמַֽאֲכַ֣ל And the meat H3978
וּמַֽאֲכַ֣ל And the meat
Strong's: H3978
Word #: 1 of 18
an eatable (including provender, flesh and fruit)
שֻׁלְחָנ֡וֹ of his table H7979
שֻׁלְחָנ֡וֹ of his table
Strong's: H7979
Word #: 2 of 18
a table (as spread out); by implication, a meal
וּמוֹשַׁ֣ב and the sitting H4186
וּמוֹשַׁ֣ב and the sitting
Strong's: H4186
Word #: 3 of 18
a seat; figuratively, a site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place or the time); by implication, population
עֲבָדָיו֩ of his servants H5650
עֲבָדָיו֩ of his servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 4 of 18
a servant
וּמַֽעֲמַ֨ד and the attendance H4612
וּמַֽעֲמַ֨ד and the attendance
Strong's: H4612
Word #: 5 of 18
(figuratively) a position
מְשָֽׁרְתָ֜ו of his ministers H8334
מְשָֽׁרְתָ֜ו of his ministers
Strong's: H8334
Word #: 6 of 18
to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to
וּמַלְבֻּֽשֵׁיהֶם֙ and their apparel H4403
וּמַלְבֻּֽשֵׁיהֶם֙ and their apparel
Strong's: H4403
Word #: 7 of 18
a garment, or (collectively) clothing
וּמַשְׁקָ֔יו H4945
וּמַשְׁקָ֔יו
Strong's: H4945
Word #: 8 of 18
properly, causing to drink, i.e., a butler; by implication (intransitively), drink (itself); figuratively, a well-watered region
וְעֹ֣לָת֔וֹ and his ascent H5930
וְעֹ֣לָת֔וֹ and his ascent
Strong's: H5930
Word #: 9 of 18
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 10 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יַֽעֲלֶ֖ה by which he went up H5927
יַֽעֲלֶ֖ה by which he went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 11 of 18
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
בֵּ֣ית unto the house H1004
בֵּ֣ית unto the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 12 of 18
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 13 of 18
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְלֹא H3808
וְלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 18
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הָ֥יָה H1961
הָ֥יָה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 15 of 18
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בָ֛הּ H0
בָ֛הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 16 of 18
ע֖וֹד H5750
ע֖וֹד
Strong's: H5750
Word #: 17 of 18
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
רֽוּחַ׃ there was no more spirit H7307
רֽוּחַ׃ there was no more spirit
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 18 of 18
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the

Analysis & Commentary

And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of queen of sheba and solomon's wealth, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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